by Bill O’Grady, Thomas Wash, and Patrick Fearon-Hernandez, CFA

[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT]

Good morning and happy Monday.  U.S. equity futures are higher this morning, while Europe is lower.  Treasuries yields are lower, as well as the dollar, while gold is up. EU leaders are talking to Chairman Xi today; the new security law passed in Beijing, meaning it has become law in Hong Kong.  We recap banking data.  President Trump says he will talk to Maduro.  Our usual commentary on COVID-19 is available.   Here are the details:

China news: 

• EU and Chinese leaders are scheduled to have a video conference today. European leaders have become increasingly alarmed by China’s behavior.  As we have discussed before, the EU has noted Beijing’s aggressive narrative control over COVID-19.  In addition, China’s investment activities in Europe has raised fears that China will use the weakness caused by the pandemic to take control of European businesses.  Expectations surrounding the talks are low, suggesting that not much will come from the conference.
• Although the news was no surprise, Beijing is moving to ratify the new security law for Hong Kong. The Standing Committee of the Politburo will convene a special session on June 28 and impose the new law on the former colony.  One part of the new law will establish a new agency to execute national security in Hong Kong, signaling it is taking concrete steps to apply the new legislation.  The decision to create this new bureaucracy quashes any hope that the law would be passed but implemented with a “light touch.” This law will effectively end Hong Kong’s “one country, two systems” approach.  We expect this decision to further undermine U.S. and U.K. relations with China.
• China has had a new surge of COVID-19 cases, with the outbreak centered on food markets in Beijing. As we noted last week, Nordic salmon was said to have tested positive for the virus, although it was generally believed the virus likely came from infected workers handling the product.  Although handling or eating food that has been found to have the virus hasn’t been reported as a vector for spreading the disease, blaming the outbreak on imported food does fit Beijing’s narrative of the virus coming from outside China.  Over the weekend, China has banned some chicken imports coming from a Tyson (TSN, 63.22) plant with a high number of COVID-19 cases.   We would not be surprised to see China use this news as an excuse for failing to meet its obligations set in the Phase One trade agreement.
• The PBOC held its loan prime rate steady, suggesting that we are probably approaching the end of the rate cutting cycle in China.

Economic news:

• The Fed has updated its May data on the banking system. There were three items that are worth noting.  First, households are being very cautious.  Consumer credit fell 1.1% from last year.

Second, deposits have soared, rising 20.7% from last year, the fastest growth for this data (which goes back to 1973.

Third, business lending has soared (and partly accounts for the jump in deposits).

What does this tell us?  Households are cutting their borrowing and increasing their cash holdings, while businesses are tapping credit lines and gathering cash too.  There is a pile of liquidity in the financial system and where it eventually ends up will be critical for financial and commodity markets.

• Rebounding industrial metals prices signal that the global economy is improving.
• As firms begin to reopen, they are struggling with the mechanics of hiring. In other words, how does one conduct a virtual job fair?  Should it be done by videoconferencing?  What about “drive by” interviews?  Although bringing back furloughed workers will be the first step, some degree of mass hiring will be necessary due to the sharp drop in employment seen before; exactly how to interview and maintain social distancing will tend to reduce the ability of interviewers to use non-verbal cues to inform the hiring decision.

Policy news:

• Is additional fiscal stimulus a good idea? One of the reasons that discretionary fiscal policy fell from favor was that the legislative process is usually protracted. By the time the stimulus is passed, the crisis is often over.  This time around, Congress has moved with unusual speed, but now members are starting to question the need for additional help.  Fiscal hawks want to curb the spending but there is a risk that if the economy stumbles, the lack of fiscal help could trigger another downturn.  However, additional spending is getting a rare nod from business; the Chamber of Commerce is calling for additional support for state and local government.
• According to Axios, President Trump has concluded that Juan Guaido isn’t going to get control of Venezuela and thus the S. may be open to talks with President Maduro.

COVID-19:   The number of reported cases is 8,975,776 with 468,724 deaths and 4,448,281 recoveries.   In the U.S., there are 2,280,969 confirmed cases with 119,977 deaths and 622,133 recoveries.  For those who like to keep score at home, the FT has created a nifty interactive chart that allows one to compare cases across nations using similar scaling metrics.

Virology:

• After a slow start, the EU is moving quickly to support vaccine development and production.
• The S., India and South America have seen rising cases, while China and South Korea have seen case counts decline.  The U.S. south is seeing rising cases in younger Americans.  The German meatpacking industry is seeing a surge in cases, a similar problem seen in the U.S.
• One of the more troubling issues surrounding COVID-19 is just how little we know about the virus and how there has been a steady stream of surprises about how it spreads and what it does. The most recent troubling news is that the virus may spread in mammals more easily than first thought.  In Denmark, there has been an outbreak in minks that is thought to have come from humans.  Further studies suggest the virus can spread in cats, dogs, pigs and other animals.  The problem with this transmission is that once the virus infects an animal, it might mutate into a new form and move back into the human population.
• It is well known that age is an important factor in fatalities from the virus. Researchers are increasingly concerned that emerging vaccines may not provide immunity in older adults.  It is possible that older adults may receive a different vaccine than younger people based on the efficacy of the vaccine.

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by Bill O’Grady, Thomas Wash, and Patrick Fearon-Hernandez, CFA

[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT]

Good morning and happy Friday! U.S. equity futures are higher this morning as optimism over the economy continues to rise.  China remains in the news.  The forbearance being offered by lenders is having an adverse impact on the industry designed to deal with bad debt—bankruptcy lawyers and trustees, repossession firms, auction houses, etc.  Our usual commentary on COVID-19 is available.  Additionally, there are a couple of interesting market items.  Here are the details:

China news: 

• SoS Pompeo met with Yang Jiechi yesterday in Hawaii. Both sides have been mostly tight-lipped about the outcome; it appears that the U.S. and China stated their positions on various issues but if there was any attempt to find commonality, it isn’t obvious.  Meanwhile, President Trump indicated the U.S. could still sever relations with China.
• Large changes create opportunities. As conditions change in Hong Kong, other nations are looking to provide a home for various businesses currently in the former colony.  Japan is attempting to bring financial firms to Tokyo, for example.  At the same time, as the U.S. considers making Chinese firms delist from U.S. stock exchanges, Hong Kong bankers are trying to get these firms to list in Hong Kong.  Although only time will tell, it is possible that China will attempt to preserve Hong Kong’s financial power; as the U.S. leans toward closing off American financial markets from China, the Xi regime may need Hong Kong’s financial expertise.  That doesn’t mean that the CPC won’t try to end democracy in Hong Kong, but it may give the financial industry wide latitude to operate.
• We continue to closely monitor the situation on the Indian/Chinese frontier. The leadership of both nations appear to be trying to contain nationalist fervor that could force escalation.  China, due to its social controls, can generally manage such issues.  India, on the other hand, has an active tabloid press and thus PM Modi will have his hands full trying to keep group emotions in check.
• One outcome from the border clash is that New Delhi may decide to join the West in dealing with China. India has traditionally avoided such arrangements.  It was a key member of the non-aligned movement during the Cold War and tried to avoid joining either the Communist Bloc or the Free World.  If the border issue leads to India joining the West, it will add to the encirclement of China and would be seen as a major loss for Beijing.

Policy news:

• One of the strengths of the U.S. system of capitalism is the ability to deal with failure. In Europe, going bankrupt could put a person in debtor’s prison; in the U.S., debts are written down and the debtor could start over.  The U.S. system isn’t perfect, but it works remarkably well compared to other nations.  An infrastructure has developed around bankruptcy and bad debt; there are law firms that specialize in bankruptcies.  Towing firms engage in repossession; banks have workout groups.  Auction houses specialize in selling off the assets that are repossessed.  Firms clean up houses after evictions to prepare for sale or lease.  All this activity forces creditors to quickly adjust the value of their loan assets and allows debtors to start over.  Additionally, the repossessed asset then gets put back into the economy, usually at an attractive price, to find a new use.
  • That process is mostly on hold. Despite rising bankruptcies on the horizon, at present, a set of policy decisions has effectively frozen the process.  In many states, evictions have been postponed.  Banks have been encouraged to offer debt service forbearance.  If the current downturn is mostly a short-term phenomenon and all will return to normal soon, these actions make sense.  However, if the recovery turns out to be long (as we expect), these policies will tend to keep debt backed by assets that have fallen in value in limbo.
  • If policy prevents the process of foreclosure, as we see in China and Japan, it can lead to slower growth. At the same time, the bankruptcy process, much like insurance, isn’t designed for systemic events.  In other words, the process works if bankruptcy is caused by poor management or bad luck for an individual; it doesn’t work as well if the bankruptcies are due to an event that causes widespread failure.  That’s what we saw in the Great Depression; the policy of the Hoover administration was to liquidate the loans aggressively, but that led to a debt/deflation spiral that collapsed the economy.
  • Policymakers seem to be leaning toward this event as systemic, so it has encouraged lenders to avoid immediate repossession and the Fed has been buying up corporate debt. The problem is that some of these loans are simply not going to get serviced and should be liquidated.  Unfortunately, it is hard to discern who is facing a solvency issue and who is facing a liquidity issue.  What we are doing works if it’s mostly the latter; it will create a Japan-like situation if it’s the former.
• There is a growing call for a better way to fund small business. Although the SBA exists, its lending doesn’t appear to be filling the need.  So, there is some speculation that the Fed’s current program may become permanent.
  • Our two cents? A better way would be to reduce consolidation in the financial system and support the expansion of small banks.  Smaller banks seemed to do a better job of managing the PPP program; large banks do a good job with (a) massive loans to large borrowers, and (b) lending that is rules-based, like mortgages.  However, larger banks can only make money on operations that they can scale up and making individual lending decisions by human loan officers isn’t in their “sweet spot.”  That is a business that smaller banks can do more effectively.
• European nations are on their way to implementing digital taxes. This will exacerbate trade tensions.

COVID-19:  The number of reported cases is 8,513,725 with 454,513 deaths and 4,181,443 recoveries.   In the U.S., there are 2,191,200 confirmed cases with 118,435 deaths and 599,115 recoveries.  For those who like to keep score at home, the FT has created a nifty interactive chart that allows one to compare cases across nations using similar scaling metrics.

Virology:

• One of the treatments for those infected is to infuse antibodies from blood plasma from someone who has recovered from the virus. A recent study suggests that giving plasma transfusions to someone in the early stages of the disease is safe.
• Europe is attempting to secure a vaccine when one is produced. It is talking to pharmaceutical companies to gain access to supplies when they become available.
• India is seeing a surge in cases.
• Sweden’s policy toward lockdown was much more liberal that most Western nations. The government’s position was that a vaccine was years from being developed, so it was better to learn to live with the virus and allow herd immunity to develop.  This policy has been controversial.  If a vaccine is available by this time next year, the policy could be considered reckless.  There have been other issues as well; there are reports suggesting that the medical system was rather quick to allow elderly patients to be denied care for recovery.  Additionally, neighboring nations are reluctant to open their borders with Sweden for fear of rising infections.

Markets:

• Japanese investors have been aggressively buying dollar assets in an attempt to capture a positive yield.
• Advisors to the ultra-high net worth households are encouraging these investors to hold more gold.

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by Bill O’Grady, Thomas Wash, and Patrick Fearon-Hernandez, CFA

[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT]

Good morning!  U.S. equity futures are weaker this morning, but off the worst levels of the overnight session.  Our usual commentary on COVID-19 is available.  We cover a myriad of policy issues this morning, including global taxes and the increased scrutiny facing U.S. tech firms.  In policy, a number of central banks took action overnight.  Australia looks like it is in recession and we examine the difference between expectations and reality in the economic reports.  The Weekly Energy Update is available.  Here are the details:

COVID-19:  The number of reported cases is 8,367,894 with 449,397 deaths and 4,091,978 recoveries.  In the U.S., there are 2,163,894 confirmed cases with 117,717 deaths and 592,191 recoveries.  For those who like to keep score at home, the FT has created a nifty interactive chart that allows one to compare cases across nations using similar scaling metrics.  Additionally, we have the weekly Axios U.S. state map.

Virology:

• India is becoming a global hot spot for the virus. Given its population density, the chances the virus will spread in India are elevated.
• The rise in infections around Beijing has coincided with news reports of finding the virus in fish. Although this discovery was mostly accidental (most likely the fish was processed or handled by an infected worker) it has led to a sharp decline in demand for imported salmon.
• As the world awaits a vaccine, there are growing worries about a potential bottleneck; the glass vials used to distribute doses. Currently, there is a shortage of the vials and the demand for them once a vaccine is developed could overwhelm the industry’s capacity.
• COVID-19 is especially fatal for older people. Nursing homes have seen a high level of fatalities due to the virus.
• South Korea’s experience in managing the virus suggests that maintaining an acceptable level of infections means that returning to a pre-COVID-19 lifestyle isn’t really possible.
• Researchers have found direct evidence that COVID-19 can infect the brain and replicate in that vital organ. Although it isn’t clear if the virus regularly makes its way past the blood/brain barrier, if it does, it will complicate treating the disease.
• Remember mood rings? Now we have a “smart ring” that will reportedly signal when a user is pre-symptomatic with COVID-19.  Casinos are planning to distribute them to staff to inform workers and protect patrons.
• Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez has tested positive for COVID-19.

Policy news:

• One of the issues that has developed in public finance is taxing multinational corporations. In the U.S., we often see tax breaks offered to companies to move facilities into a state.  It can become a race to the bottom as states are continually faced with the need to offer deals to keep companies within the state.  Because public goods must usually be provided to the company and workers (workers need police and fire protection, schools and company facilities need the same, plus infrastructure) the incidence of funding these services tends to fall on those who lack the resources to “shop around.”  Something similar occurs at the international level.  Nations can attract businesses by becoming tax havens.  Ireland is perhaps the most developed nation example.  Multinational firms have the resources to establish outlets in tax favorable environments and extract subsidies and other support.  In an effort to stop this process, the OECD had sponsored talks to harmonize global tax policy.  However, in any tax regime, there are those who benefit from the current situation and see little reason to change, and those who want to shift the incidence of a tax to others.  Europe has been keen on taxing technology, which, in reality, becomes a tax on U.S. firms.  The EU would gain the revenue and the U.S. would mostly bear the incidence of the tax payment.  Needless to say, the U.S. isn’t all that supportive of this effort.  As a result, yesterday, talks broke down.  We would expect the EU to go ahead with digital taxes and the U.S. to treat this move as targeting the U.S. and respond with tariffs and other penalties.
• The tech industry is coming under increased scrutiny as part of the Communications Decency Act. Initially, in the 1990s, the government was concerned if young tech firms were sued for user content, they would be unable to survive and so the industry was given broad protections against lawsuits from user content.  So, the Communications Decency Act protected the firms from lawsuits.  However, as the firms have grown in size and power, policymakers are taking another look at this issue.  For example, Hawley (R-MO) is introducing legislation that would reduce the protections tied to censorship.  The DOJ is looking at similar measures to reduce immunity.
• Apple (APPL, 353.94) is facing antitrust investigations from the EU over its app store.
• Chair Powell finished this second day of Congressional testimony yesterday. What we noted was that the Chair does not want Congress to begin withdrawing fiscal support quite yet.  He wants some form of jobless benefits to continue, and the extension of other measures as well.
• One of the factors we have been monitoring since 2008 has been the rise of populism which includes opposition to globalization. Within the political parties, this pits the establishment against the populists.  This issue has come up again recently, as the Chamber of Commerce warns against restricting visas for foreign workers, indicating that if businesses can’t get these workers from abroad, they will be forced to bid up wages for local workers…which is exactly the point the populists have been making.
• USTR Lighthizer weighed in on the WTO yesterday. The body is searching for a new leader and the U.S. clearly wants to shape global trade policy in a more favorable manner.  What we find interesting is that Lighthizer doesn’t want to see the WTO scuttled (as some in Congress do), but does want it to fit trade policy to favor the U.S.
• Several central banks eased credit yesterday, with the notable exception of Taiwan, who kept policy steady. This morning, the BOE expanded QE but didn’t move rates below zero.  The PBOC, who so far has been reluctant to expand policy stimulus, appears to be moving to boost growth.

China:

• We continue to monitor the conflict between India and China. The good news is that although there were fatalities on both sides during a recent skirmish, so far, there hasn’t been evidence of military escalation.  The bad news is that aggressive rhetoric is rising on both sides that may create conditions that foster future escalation.
• Yesterday, SoS Pompeo and China’s foreign policy chief Yang Jiechi met in Hawaii. It wasn’t clear why the meeting was held and both sides were reticent to discuss the outcome of the engagement.  In fact, both sides suggested the other asked for the meeting.  We suspect this was about keeping communications open during a period of tensions.  It doesn’t appear that there was anything specific to discuss, although if there was, we should see “something” emerge in the coming weeks.
• Although U.S. foreign policy has had a look of “going it alone” in reality, there does appear to be an anti-China coalition evolving. The tensions on the India/China border may reflect Beijing’s growing concern about this development.
• There are increasing reports of human and capital flight from Hong Kong.
• China’s espionage isn’t only centered on the West. A Russian scientist has been accused of passing along classified information to Beijing.   Reportedly, the information is tied to submarine detection.
• China is collecting blood samples from a large swath of its population in an attempt to create a massive DNA database. China has been steadily moving to create a high-tech surveillance state; the DNA database is part of widespread cameras, facial recognition and monitoring of financial transactions to monitor the activities of its citizens.

Markets:  Insurance companies are reviewing their exposure in collateralized loan obligations (CLOs).  CLOs are usually pooled corporate debt, originated by banks.  CLOs can be separated into different tranches by credit risk and payment priority.  In recent years, insurance companies have been avid buyers of these instruments to take advantage of their higher yield.  However, recently, there has been growing concerns about the credit quality of these instruments.

There is a rising level of delayed loan payments.  Student loans are showing the highest delinquencies.

Economy news:

• Australia’s May unemployment rate rose much faster than expected, hitting 7.1%, up from 6.4% in April.

The country, which hasn’t had a recession since the early 1990s, is clearly in one now.

• One of the concepts a new analyst always has to learn is that the actual data matters less than the data relative to expectations. Recent data has been far better than forecast.

This chart shows the economic surprise index from Bloomberg. It measures the difference between the actual data and expectations; the data included are weighted based on their effects on foreign exchange behavior.  What the index is telling us now is the economic data is coming in much better than forecast.  That doesn’t mean the data is good; it means that expectations are so depressed that even soft numbers are still better that deeply depressed forecasts.  What we have observed over the years is that the expectations tend to catch up in a few months and so better future data may not look as good, even with the improvement, because expectations will tend to rise even faster.  This could lead to “disappointing” economic data by autumn.

• One of the consequences of the lockdowns has been that firms and workers are realizing that they probably don’t need to go to the office to be effective. And, if that’s the case, why would someone stay in a crowded expensive city if they can just as easily live elsewhere.  If this becomes a trend, smaller metropolitan areas may benefit from workers moving to new, smaller cities.
• The massive expansion of central bank balance sheets has raised fears of inflation. Japan, which has seen ballooning government deficits, remains susceptible to deflation.

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by Bill O’Grady, Thomas Wash, and Patrick Fearon-Hernandez, CFA

[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT]

Risk assets have wind in their sails today, in large part due to easing coronavirus lockdowns, signs of rapid economic recovery and continued policy support around the globe.  However, those positives are being offset to some extent by serious new geopolitical tensions between China and India, as well as a worrisome new outbreak in Beijing.  We review all the key news below.

China-India:  It now appears that yesterday’s China-India military clash along the countries’ border in the Himalayan mountains was substantially more lethal than first known.  The Indian government now says 20 of its soldiers died, including not just the three direct fatalities that we reported yesterday, but also 17 more who perished after falling into a deep ravine, or succumbing to the freezing temperatures.  To minimize the risk of a shooting war along the disputed border like the major 1962 confrontation, Chinese and Indian troops patrolling the area don’t carry firearms.  The current tensions have evolved from fistfights last month to attacks with rocks and clubs wrapped in barbed wire this week, resulting in the border troops’ first fatalities in decades.

• Ultimately, the confrontation can be traced back to the heightened nationalist disposition of Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.  Both leaders want to assert their country’s sovereignty to the fullest extent possible, including in disputed areas like the Himalayan border.
  • Xi’s efforts to assert control in Hong Kong, Taiwan and the South China Sea are well known.
  • Modi has also been working to assert India’s control over the Kashmir region.  India’s warming ties with the U.S. and an ill-timed decision to postpone a major military exercise in the area probably also tempted Xi to take a tougher stance.
• According to Indian sources, several Chinese troops also died in the melee, so a key risk now is that if the Chinese losses were substantial, Xi may find it hard to back down.  On the Indian side, Prime Minister Modi warned today that his country would provide a “befitting reply” if China tried to worsen the situation.
• As a result of the initial fistfights last month, high-level Chinese and Indian military officers have been meeting to diffuse the situation, and they reportedly met again as recently as yesterday.  Calming tensions and averting a downward spiral in the conflict may require Xi and Modi to swallow some pride and pull back from the precipice.  If they don’t, any shooting conflict in the area would be a major risk to local and global financial markets.

COVID-19:  Official data show confirmed cases have risen to 8,199,838 worldwide, with 444,368 deaths and 3,978,358 recoveries.  In the United States, confirmed cases rose to 2,137,731, with 116,963 deaths and 583,503 recoveries.  Here is the interactive chart from the Financial Times that allows you to compare cases and deaths among countries, scaled by population.

Virology

• Arizona, Texas and North Carolina all reported record daily virus-related hospitalizations on Tuesday, suggesting those states may have lifted their pandemic restrictions too early and underlining the risk of a disruptive second wave of infections.  In fact, top infectious disease officer Dr. Anthony Fauci again warned that the nation risks a resurgence of infections should states fail to remain vigilant as they reopen their economies.  We suspect officials in many states and localities would be reluctant to reimpose the full range of restrictions they had in place earlier, but even bringing back just some of the measures or slowing their economic reopening could weigh on stocks.
  • In China, authorities working to contain a new outbreak in Beijing have imposed school closures and flight restrictions, but the number of new cases continues to rise.  An uncontrolled outbreak in the Chinese capital would be particularly embarrassing for the ruling Communist Party, so further tough measures may be forthcoming.
  • New infections, hospitalizations and deaths continue to surge in many large developing countries, including Brazil, Mexico and India.
• Six months into the coronavirus crisis, scientists are coalescing around a consensus that the main way people get infected is through close-up, person-to-person interactions for extended periods.
  • The maximum risk is in crowded events, poorly ventilated areas and places where people are talking, shouting or singing loudly.  In contrast, it’s uncommon to contract COVID-19 from a contaminated surface or fleeting encounters with people outdoors.
  • Firmer knowledge of how the disease is transmitted should help public health officials devise better ways to reduce infections without the costly, wide-scale lockdowns employed to date.
• Researchers at the University of Oxford said dexamethasone, a generic steroid, is the first drug to show in a clinical trial it could improve the survival of severely ill coronavirus patients. The 6,425 subject study found the drug reduced deaths by a third, compared with standard treatment in patients on ventilators.  In patients receiving supplemental oxygen, but not on ventilators, the steroid cut deaths by one fifth, according to the researchers.
  • Less sick patients not receiving oxygen support didn’t receive any survival benefit from the drug.
  • Oxford issued the study results in a press release, not yet in a peer-reviewed journal that provides the full data set that researchers, who weren’t involved in the trial, can review.
• Privately held CureVac has become the second German biotechnology company to be given permission to proceed with clinical trials of a COVID-19 vaccine, days after Berlin invested €300 million in the firm to keep it from falling into foreign hands.  The German regulator said the CureVac trial would be one of just 11 worldwide to be testing its vaccine on humans.

Economic Impact

• In Europe, plunging auto sales during the worst of the pandemic lockdowns have left huge inventories of unsold vehicles, which threaten to discourage more production and slow the economic recovery.

United States:  Congress will scrutinize the Trump administration’s aggressive international trade initiatives today, as U.S. Trade Representative Lighthizer, appears before House and Senate committees.  Lighthizer’s testimony will give lawmakers an opportunity to question how the administration’s recent trade deals are playing out.  We also expect them to probe how the administration sees the U.S. economic relationship with other trading partners, including the European Union and the United Kingdom.

United States-United Kingdom:  Even as the U.K. and the EU struggle to develop a post-Brexit trade agreement, with EU demands for a “level playing field” with lower-regulated Britain, it turns out that many British farmers are worried that the U.K.-U.S. trade deal now being negotiated will leave them unable to compete with even lower-regulated U.S. producers.  The result?  They’re also hoping for a “level playing field” with the U.S.

Hungary:  Parliament voted to end a controversial state of emergency that gave Prime Minister Viktor Orban the right to rule by decree, after leaders in the U.S. Congress and the European Union accused him of using the coronavirus pandemic to amass authoritarian-like powers.  However, the legislators left in place some of the measures the government took during the height of its outbreak to concentrate fiscal control over the country’s largely liberal cities.

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by Bill O’Grady, Thomas Wash, and Patrick Fearon-Hernandez, CFA

[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT]

Risk assets are on a tear so far today in response to a blockbuster report on U.S. retail sales suggesting that the economy may be rebounding from the coronavirus crisis more rapidly than expected.  At the same time, officials across the globe continue to signal more monetary and fiscal stimulus, though geopolitical risks are also rising on the China-India border.  As always, we review all the key news below.

United States:  Federal Reserve Chairman Powell will testify before Congress this morning.  While the Fed’s recent forecasts calling for a long post-coronavirus recovery have buttressed expectations that monetary policy will remain extremely accommodative, we’ll be watching closely for any sign that today’s better-than-expected retail sales data may have shifted his views or policy preferences.

COVID-19:  Official data show confirmed cases have risen to 8,058,427 worldwide, with 437,473 deaths and 3,893,780 recoveries.  In the United States, confirmed cases rose to 2,114,026, with 116,127 deaths and 576,334 recoveries.  Here is the interactive chart from the Financial Times that allows you to compare cases and deaths among countries, scaled by population.

Virology

• An analysis by the Wall Street Journal found that COVID-19 infections are now accelerating again in more than a dozen states.  Some of the increase reflects broader testing.  However, some of it also appears to reflect increased infection rates, since the share of tests rendering a positive result is increasing in many localities.
  • In spite of the rebound in infections, some localities are no longer aggressively enforcing their social distancing policies.
  • In New York, Governor Cuomo threatened to reverse reopenings in parts of his state that aren’t following or enforcing safety rules. According to Cuomo, the state had received 25,000 reports of reopening violations, predominantly in Manhattan and the Hamptons on Long Island.
•  The Department of Transportation said it would allow Chinese airlines to make a total of four round-trip flights per week, doubling the level it had set earlier this month after China backed off its plan to limit U.S. carriers to just two weekly flights each.  The news is positive for the financial markets because it suggests the two countries may be trying to cool tensions.
• The FDA said it has revoked its emergency-use authorization for the anti-malaria drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.
  • The decision was apparently based on recent clinical studies that have failed to show the drugs are effective in treating or preventing the disease.
  • Those studies are separate from another recent report showing both a lack of effectiveness and a risk of heart problems and death, which was subsequently retracted because of inconsistencies in the data.

Real Economy

• In its monthly oil-market report, the International Energy Agency said that while the world’s demand for crude oil will drop by 8.1 million barrels a day this year (slightly less than forecast in last month’s report), demand in 2021 will rebound by a record 5.7 million barrels a day.  Coupled with the current massive production cuts by major producing countries, the IEA said the rebound in demand could help rebalance the global oil market by late next year.

U.S. Policy Response

• The Fed announced moves to significantly broaden its Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility beyond its current focus on corporate bond ETFs.  Starting Tuesday, the Fed will also buy individual corporate bonds based on a broad, diversified index of U.S. corporate obligations.  The target index would consist of substantially all corporate bonds in the secondary market that:  a) were issued by U.S. firms rated as investment-grade in late March, and b) have a maturity of five years or less.
  • The Fed said it would recalculate its “broad market index” every four or five weeks to add bonds that newly meet the eligibility requirements and to remove those that no longer meet them.  Going forward, purchases of ETF shares would be limited to 20% of any given fund.
  • The moves would give the Fed greater flexibility to ramp up purchases if the markets seize up again.  The announcement underlines the Fed’s commitment to aggressively support the economy amidst the virus crisis, which we think is a significant positive for equities.
• The Fed also outlined a proposal to include nonprofit organizations in its previously introduced Main Street Lending Program for small and midsize businesses disrupted by the pandemic.  The central bank indicated it wants the nonprofit loan terms to be broadly similar to the MSLP’s five-year maturities at a rate of 3% above short-term rates.
• Finally, in the realm of fiscal policy, the Trump administration is reportedly considering a one trillion dollar infrastructure program to help jumpstart the economic recovery.

Foreign Policy Response

• In a move that would align the ECB’s monetary policies more closely with the Fed’s policies, ECB Executive Director Fabio Panetta offered assurances that his central bank would consider buying “fallen angel” bonds that have recently lost their investment grade rating if necessary to combat the financial fallout from the coronavirus crisis.  Even though the ECB increased the size of its bond-buying program to €1.35 trillion earlier this month, Panetta said it still hasn’t unleashed the “full monty” of its available stimulus.

European Union-United Kingdom:  In their video summit yesterday, top leaders from the U.K. and the EU agreed to redouble their efforts to strike a post-Brexit trade deal in the coming weeks.  The surprisingly cordial post-summit statements from the likes of British Prime Minister Johnson and European Council President Michel are reassuring, but we note that there is still some risk that the two sides won’t come to an agreement and Britain could be facing a sudden stop in its trade with the EU at the end of the year.  Naturally, such a hard break would be negative for European, and particularly British, stocks.

United States-European Union:  Following a preliminary investigation, the European Commission said it has opened two formal antitrust investigations into Apple (AAPL, 342.99).  The investigations will look into the company’s practice of charging media firms’ large commissions to sell their products through its App Store and Apple Pay payment system, even as it uses the information gleaned to promote its own music and book services.  The launch of yet another regulatory move against a major U.S. technology firm is likely to further sour U.S.-EU relations.  The move is also likely to sit badly with Washington because, at the same time, the EU is loosening its state-aid rules to make it easier for member governments to help their own tech start-ups.

United States-China:  As more evidence of cooling U.S.-China tensions, the Department of Commerce yesterday slightly loosened its sanctions against Chinese telecom equipment giant Huawei (002502.SZ, 2.87).  The move will allow U.S. firms to collaborate with Huawei on setting technical standards for 5G and other emerging technologies.  Separately, U.S. Secretary of State Pompeo and Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi will meet tomorrow in Hawaii.

China-India:  In a dangerous escalation of tensions, the Indian military said three of its soldiers have been killed in clashes with Chinese troops along the countries’ disputed border high in the Himalayan mountains.  The deaths, which were the first since the 1970s in the two countries’ long-running border dispute, came despite multiple rounds of talks by Indian and Chinese military commanders intended to de-escalate tensions.  Those talks had pointed to some easing in the latest round of tensions, but the surprising deaths are a sign that things aren’t going as well as previously thought.  Therefore, the news has weighed on Indian stocks so far today.

North Korea:  In a dramatic display of its frustration with the stalled denuclearization talks and continued sanctions, North Korea has blown up the inter-Korean liaison office near the country’s border with South Korea.  The explosion came just hours after North Korea said via state media that its military would potentially enter border areas that had been disarmed after a 2018 summit between Kim Jong Un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in.

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by Bill O’Grady, Thomas Wash, and Patrick Fearon-Hernandez, CFA

[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT]

Good morning and happy Monday!  It’s another risk-off day as financial markets recoil from reports of rising COVID-19 infections.  Our usual commentary on COVID-19 is available.  We update on China and trade issues with the U.K./EU/U.S.  We are watching U.S./Russian relations as Paul Whelan was found guilty of espionage.  We look at the economy and policy news.  Here is what we are watching:

COVID-19:   The number of reported cases is 7,934,277 with 433,919 deaths and 3,789,462 recoveries.   In the U.S., there are 2,094,069 confirmed cases with 115,732 deaths and 561,816 recoveries.  For those who like to keep score at home, the FT has created a nifty interactive chart that allows one to compare cases across nations using similar scaling metrics.

Virology:

• Reports of rising infections around the world are raising fears of economic disruption, leading to equity market weakness.
  • A surge in cases in Beijing has led to some renewed lockdown measures. The new cases appear to be centered around the city’s largest food market.
  • South America has become a global hotspot for COVID-19. Even Peru, who has been lauded for its response, is struggling to cope.
  • Rising U.S. cases are causing concern about the path of the virus. Although we don’t expect a national lockdown anytime soon, new local restrictions are possible.
• Today is the official reopening day for Europe. Internal border controls are to be relaxed today and “travel bubbles” with some Caribbean nations will allow for freer movement.
• The NY Times magazine had a good recap of the challenges tied to vaccine development. Germany announced it is investing in a private biotech company, which is working on a vaccine development.  The drive to develop a vaccine is raising worries about releasing one before it is fully developed and tested; a failed vaccine could set back distribution significantly.
• Regeneron (REGN, 588.39) said it will begin testing an antibody drug; if it works, it may be available as soon as autumn for emergency uses.

China:  Although the virus surge in Beijing is catching most of the attention this morning, overall economic conditions do show improvement.  Consumers continue to show caution, but are spending on big-ticket items.  Also, as usual, China is using investment spending to lift growth.

This chart shows a steady rebound in the Chinese economy.

SoS Pompeo is meeting with EU foreign ministers to craft a common policy on China.  He is getting some pushback from the EU, which wants to tie cooperation on China with an easing of the trade conflict with Washington.  Of course, Pompeo will try and insist that the issues are separate, but we doubt he will be able to make his case.

Trade:  PM Johnson and EC President von der Leyen will hold video talks today to discuss Brexit.  Johnson is hoping his personal touch will push talks forward while von der Leyen intends to reiterate the EU position on either integration, or a hard border.  At the same time, trade talks between the U.K. and the U.S. will resume today.  There is speculation that Westminster is using talks with the U.S. to extract concessions from the EU; however, Washington could just as easily insist on difficult concessions from the U.K., given its precarious position with the EU.

Russia:  Paul Whelan was found guilty of espionage and sentenced to 16 years in prison.   Although Russia accuses Whelan of spying, his background suggests he probably isn’t one.  He is a corporate security official for a car parts manufacturing firm and was in Russia for a wedding.  He is a Marine, but was discharged under less than stellar circumstances.  We suspect Russia seized Whelan and intends to use him for swap purposes in the future.  We will monitor this case to see if his cause is taken up by the government.

Economy news:  There is growing evidence that the U.S. economy is improving; given how deep the initial decline was, it is almost impossible for things to not look better.  However, it is still good to see signs of life.  Nevertheless, coping with COVID-19 remains a challenge.  We note that manufacturing firms are slow to recover, due to the costs of protective measures and continued infections.

Policy news:  This week, Chair Powell will travel to Capitol Hill to give his semi-annual testimony to Congress.  Given the forecasts from the Fed, we expect him to give testimony that the economy needs additional help.  National Economic Council head Kudlow opposes extending the $600 per week boost to unemployment insurance, but does support a smaller bonus for workers returning to their jobs.  There is worry that the unemployment insurance benefit may be an impediment to returning to work.  At the same time, Peter Navarro says the president wants another stimulus program of at least $2.0 trillion.

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